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Thursday 26 April 2012

Paper: How to Fix a XSS Vulnerability in PHP Source Codes

Links:
http://www.gnucitizen.org/xssdb/application.htm (Attack Database)
http://www.xssed.com (Mirror Archive of Vulnerable Websites)
http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html (XSS Cheat sheet)
http://software.graflex.org/dexss/ (Removing JavaScript from HTML)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_scripting

http://it.php.net/htmlentities
http://it2.php.net/htmlspecialchars
http://it2.php.net/strip_tags
-------------------------------

For fix the problem of cross site injection we have to use one of the 3 functions php.

These functions clean up the HTML tags, so is not possible inject into the code.

The function more used is htmlspecialchars() that transmutes all the characters "<" and ">" into "&lt;" and "&gt".

Another option is htmlentities(), which replaces all the characters in the corresponding entities.


PHP Code:
<?
// This page shows an example
// of the differences in output between 2 functions

$input '<script>alert(1);</script>';

echo 
htmlspecialchars($input) . '<br />';
echo 
htmlentities($input);

?>

An example of htmlentities()

PHP Code:
<?php
$str 
"A 'quote' is <b>bold</b>";

echo 
htmlentities($str);
echo 
htmlentities($strENT_QUOTES);
?>

The first show --> A 'quote' is &lt;b&gt;bold&lt;/b&gt;
The second --> A &#039;quote&#039; is &lt;b&gt;bold&lt;/b&gt;

An example of htmlspecialchars()

PHP Code:
<?php
$new 
htmlspecialchars("<a href='test'>Test</a>"ENT_QUOTES);
echo 
$new;
?>
This show --> &lt;a href='test'&gt;Test&lt;/a&gt;

The funztion strip_tags(), instead, deletes all HTML elements, except certain elements that need to specify permitted such as <i>, <b> or <p>.

An example of strip_tags()

PHP Code:
<?php
$text 
'<p>Test paragraph.</p><!-- Comment --> Other text';
echo 
strip_tags($text);

echo 
"\n";
// allow <p>
echo strip_tags($text'<p>');
?>

Now that we know at least that there are these functions, we will to apply into the code when we find a xss in our web application.

I have recently found a xss on my website in Video section of GoogleBig which is a plugin of Mybb forum, I have placed a piece of code to make the idea of how I had to apply the function to fix the search bug.

First of all I have found the php page in question: search.php

Now let's look for the portion of code that makes available research, query and output the result of the query:


PHP Code:
function search($query$page)

{

    global 
$db$bgcolor2$bgcolor4$sitename$io_db$module_url$list_page_items$hm_index;

    
$option trim($option);

    
$query trim($query);

    
$query FixQuotes(nl2br(filter_text($query)));

    
$db->escape_string($query);

    
$db->escape_string($option);

        
alpha_search($query);
    ...

In this case the variable that passes the values is $query then we apply the function htmlentities():


PHP Code:
    $query FixQuotes(nl2br(filter_text(htmlentities($query))));

If you have problems you can post here, or consult the manuals on these 3 php functions that we saw:

http://it.php.net/htmlentities
http://it2.php.net/htmlspecialchars
http://it2.php.net/strip_tags

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